The present study deals with one of the greatest rabbis of the Middle East in the modern period, Rabbi Isaac Aboulafia, Chief Rabbi of the Damascus community between 1883 and 1895, in his role as educational revolutionary. The study examines the relationship of Aboulafia to the Alliance Israélite Universelle and to the issue of modern education as it arose with the renewal of the society’s activity in Damascus in 1880, after a lapse of about ten years.