Source: Children and Youth Services Review Volume 86, Pages 302-30
This research investigates the well-being of children subjected to prolonged exposure to missile attacks. A study of post-traumatic symptoms, emotional stress, and behavioral problems among 152 children from southern Israel, an area prone to missile attacks, was conducted. Post-traumatic symptoms were assessed by a self-reported version of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for Children (CPTS-RI). Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed by the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL), which was completed by the children's mothers.
The mothers were asked to answer the CBCL regarding their children's behavior both in the present and prior to the missile attacks. CBCL results were then compared with those of comparable children (n = 125) living in central Israel who were not exposed to missile attacks and whose mothers were asked to answer a similar questionnaire.
The results indicated that prolonged exposure to security threats did not result in high levels of posttraumatic symptoms. However, according to the mothers the emotional and behavioral states of the children deteriorated. This was found also when their current emotional and behavioral state was compared to similar children in central Israel. The complex effect of prolonged exposure to security threats is discussed.
Accordingly, we assume that one reason for the population's adaptation to the prolonged exposure to missile attack is the continued regular operation of schools during most of the threat period. Civilian life in the towns under attack contributed to "normalization" of the situation and created a certain routine that enabled both parents and children to continue functioning. Israel has been dealing with security threats since its establishment, and, as a result, it developed civilian adaptation mechanisms that include intervention and prevention. These can be found in both school and informal settings. The Israeli system has formed patterns of conduct during periods of security threat that reduce children's exposure and danger.