In the wake of Richard Goldstone’s belated withdrawal of the accusation that Israel deliberately targeted civilians in Operation Cast Lead, and the fresh round of moral argument the judge’s climbdown has provoked, David Horowitz, chief editor of the Jerusalem Post, contacted Professor Asa Kasher, prime drafter of the IDF's Code of Ethics, to discuss the IDF’s ethics. He wanted to understand the thinking that underpins IDF do's and don’ts, the problematics of grappling with enemies that do not follow any such rules, and the gaping discrepancy, Goldstone’s reversal notwithstanding, between most Israelis’ certainty of the IDF’s morality and the international diplomatic, media and legal community’s relentless opprobrium. He also wanted to put to Kasher specific criticisms of IDF actions in Gaza so that the IDF’s guiding moralist would address them.